It is separated into its components by fractional distillation of liquefied air. In warm, humid zones, the air may contain over 6% water vapor.Īir is the commercial source for many of the gases it contains. In deserts and at low temperatures, the content of water vapor can be less than 0.1% by volume. The amount of water in the air varies tremendously with location, temperature, and time. The table indicates the composition of a typical sample of air after all water vapor and suspended particles have been removed. Because of the action of wind, the percent composition of air varies only slightly with altitude and location. Air also contains suspended dust, spores, and bacteria. The air around us is a mixture of gases, mainly nitrogen and oxygen, but containing much smaller amounts of water vapor, argon, and carbon dioxide, and very small amounts of other gases. Submit your answers to Chemical of the Week questions by turning a printed copy of your work to the instructor directly (in lecture or in his mailbox) or by emailing me directly. Questions should be addressed to the instructor. The house bears witness to a new way to use industrial buildings for cultural purposes, and symbolizes a changing Odda.Explore a new chemical in depth every week! Students can receive an extra credit point by answering the question(s) posted in the "Chemical of the Week" articleĪnd submitting the answer to the instructor by 9 AM on the due date listed. When the production at the Odda Smelting plant was discontinued, the Linde Building was put to use for cultural events as theatre productions, concerts and the annual literature festival. The architecture reflects the styles adopted in industrial buildings in the late 19th and early 20th century, when modernism was gaining ground, but classicist elements still prevailed. The Linde Building was in a state of bad disrepair when the NVIM museum, national heritage institutions and the local municipality together made it possible to restore a large part of the façade. In the article “Harnessing the Hottest Heat and the Coldest Cold”, a story about the Odda factories from 1918, nitrogen is described as ”the World`s Friend”. The demand for nitrogen has been great in our age, because of the use of chemical fertilizers in farming, to increase the harvest. His LNG freezing technology patent has played a very important role for the international commerce of natural gas, and his research has been crucial for all cooling technology. The process was discovered in 1897, when Von Linde managed to make oxygen, nitrogen and air liquid in one and the same operation. Von Linde is recognized as the inventor of the commercial LNG process which turns dry gas into a liquid by means of a combination of increased pressure and cooling. Albert Petersson, wrote his PhD thesis on the Thomson effect in Zürich in 1895. The first manager of the Smelting Plant, Dr. The Linde plant is based on the so-called Joule-Thomson effect. Not long after Hampson invented a similar method in London, independently of Linde. The most important method for producing liquid air is the one invented by Linde in Munich in 1895. The last compressors, which were replaced in the Nineties, have been removed and sold. This is the plant which remains in the building today. After World War II the plant was obsolete and unreliable, and a new nitrogen plant with new compressors was bought and installed in 1949. In 1915 the daily production was 100 tonnes liquid air, which was distilled to make 77 tonnes nitrogen. A new plant was built in 1912, when the production capacity of the smelting plant was increased. The processing plant was set up when production was started in 1907/08. It concerned the cyanamide factory and its pure nitrogen production plant. The first building permit for the Linde plant was issued on. Crushed carbide was combined with other substance in cylinder-shaped kilns, into which nitrogen from the Linde plant was conveyed through pipes in the ground below the hall housing the kilns. The Linde plant was installed right alongside the calcium cyanamide factory, because the nitrogen from the Linde Building was needed in the cyanamide kilns. The air intake was not far from the school, some distance from the factory. To produce calcium cyanamide, one must have calcium carbide and nitrogen gas. The oxygen is distilled and the nitrogen remains. At a certain point the air becomes liquid. The process is repeated, and can be used to achieve very low temperatures. Put in a nutshell the process consists of compressing the air and then allowing it to expand. Air consists of about 20 per cent nitrogen and 80 per cent oxygen. The Linde plant is a large cooling system where oxygen and nitrogen are separated by fractional distillation and liquid air is produced.
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